<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">SOMALIA</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> Soomaaliya (Somalia)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, Arab League, OAU</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">637 657 km2 (246 201 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">8050000 (1991 est); up to 1000000 Somalis are refugees in surrounding countries</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Mogadishu 1000000 (1986 est)</span><span class="style42">Other major city:</span><span class="style13"> Hargeisa 400000 (1986 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Somali (national), Arabic (official)</span><span class="style42">Religion: </span><span class="style13">Sunni Islam (official)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">The most recent constitution provides for the election of a 171-member Assembly and a President by universal adult suffrage. Since 1991 there has been no effective government.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">Somalia occupies the ΓÇÿHorn of AfricaΓÇÖ. Low-lying plains cover most of the south, while semi-arid mountains in the north rise to Surud Ad at 2408 m (7900 ft). </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Somalia is hot and largely dry with rainfall totals in the north as low as 330 mm (13 in).</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Nearly two thirds of the labor force are nomadic herdsmen or subsistence farmers. Bananas are grown for export in the south, but much of the country suffers drought. As a result of the civil war since 1991, much of the economic infrastructure of the country has been destroyed and widespread famine has occurred. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Somali shilling.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">Muslim traders established trading posts along the Somali coast from the 7th century. In 1886 Britain established a protectorate in the north of the region, while the Italians took the south. In World War II the Italians briefly occupied British Somaliland. In 1960 the British and Italian territories were united as an independent Somalia. In 1969 the president was assassinated and the army ΓÇô under Major-General Muhammad Siad Barre ΓÇô seized control. BarreΓÇÖs socialist Islamic Somalia became an ally of the USSR. In 1977 Somali guerrillas, with Somali military support, drove the Ethiopians out of the largely Somali-inhabited Ogaden. SomaliaΓÇÖs Soviet alliance was ended when the USSR supported Ethiopia to regain the Ogaden. Barre was overthrown in 1991. Since 1991 the infrastructure of Somalia has collapsed in bitter civil war between several factions and the former British north has attempted to secede. In 1992, a US-led UN force intervened to relieve famine victims, but UNinvolvement ended in 1995 with the conflict between various Somali clans and warlords no nearer solution.</span></text>